All ingredients

Every ingredient on the site, alphabetical, with its category and cup weight. Range-published entries show the range. The full machine-readable dataset with sources, methods, confidence grades and review dates is at data.json, free to use under CC BY 4.0. The same data split by category: fats and oils; sugars and salts; milled powders and grains; shredded, grated and crumbled cheeses; spices and dried aromatics; liquids; syrups.

331 ingredients total. 197 publish a single figure, 134 publish a range because sources genuinely disagree.

• Tomato paste, puree, sauces, canned tomatoes, juice and ketchup compared: Weight per cup follows dissolved solids: tomato juice 243 g and canned tomatoes 240–260 g sit just above water; sauce 245 g, marinara 250 g, puree 250 g and pizza sauce 252 g in the middle; paste 262 g; sugar makes ketchup (272 g) and BBQ sauce (288 g) heaviest. King Arthur's tomato paste and pizza sauce figures, and USDA's marinara and ketchup cups, are rejected.
• Shredded, grated and crumbled cheese compared: A cup of shredded cheese is mostly air: cheddar, Monterey and pepper Jack and Mexican blend (112–113 g) and Swiss and Gruyère (108 g) agree across sources; part-skim mozzarella, parmesan, feta, blue and goat cheese split by variety, grate size or how firmly the cup is filled. The 28 g per 1/4 cup on every label is a one-ounce serving, not a measurement.
• Citrus juices compared: All five are denser than water from dissolved sugars and acids: orange (248 g) and grapefruit (247 g) carry the most sugar, lemon (244 g), Key lime (246 g) and lime (242 g) mostly citric acid with less sugar. King Arthur's 14 g per tablespoon of lemon juice and 227 g per cup of Key lime juice are lighter than water and are rejected.
• Coconut products compared: Fat keeps coconut milk and coconut cream close to water weight, sugar makes cream of coconut and condensed coconut milk heavy, fat makes coconut milk powder light for a powder, and dried coconut runs from 60 g (flakes) to 93 g (sweetened shreds) by cut; King Arthur's 284 g for unsweetened coconut cream and 53 g for unsweetened shreds are rejected.
• Dried fruit compared: Small rounded fruit pours like coarse sugar, larger sticky pieces pack like chopped nuts; added sugar makes sweetened fruit heavier and syrup-saturated candied cherries heaviest of all, porous dried apples are the lightest, and packing the cup adds 14 percent or more.
• Chopped vegetables compared: The cut decides the weight more than the vegetable: flat olive rings, small carrot cubes and pepper squares pack to 128-149 g per cup, layered onion, arched celery and flaky leek trap more air, and T-shaped mushroom slices trap the most, 57-98 g. King Arthur's single 5 oz for every dice and for sliced olives fits carrots and peppers and sits inside the ranges for onion, celery and olives; its own leek and mushroom figures agree with USDA.
• Sugars compared: Crystal size, moisture and packing decide a cup of sugar: fine powdered sugar traps air, granulated, caster, pearl and demerara sugars sit at 190 to 200 g, moist brown sugar packs heaviest, and coconut, maple and date sugars run lighter and vary most.
• Cherries compared: Fresh and frozen pitted cherries weigh the same, about 155 g a cup; drying leaves air, so dried cherries weigh 142 to 160 g; syrup-saturated candied cherries weigh 200 g; and 68 °Brix tart cherry concentrate, a syrup, weighs 315.5 g.
• Fruit juices compared: A juice weighs what its dissolved sugar makes it weigh: coconut water and citrus juices sit near 240 to 248 g a cup, apple, pineapple and pomegranate near 248 to 250 g, grape, cranberry and prune 253 to 256 g, and concentrates far more.
• Condiments and sauces compared: Vinegar weighs almost what water weighs, about 238 g a cup; mustard 249 g; the salty sauces 267 to 284 g; and the sweet ones the most, from ketchup at 272 g and barbecue sauce at 288 g to hoisin at 312 g. Mayonnaise, mostly oil, is the only one lighter than water.